1. Introduction
Makhana, also known as fox nuts or lotus seeds, has recently gained prominence as a superfood, not just in India but globally. Rich in essential nutrients and offering multiple health benefits, it has become a favorite among health-conscious individuals, fitness enthusiasts, and even political figures.
The growing interest in makhana is evident, especially after Prime Minister Narendra Modi revealed that he consumes it 300 days a year, promoting its value as a nutritious snack. However, while its health benefits are undeniable, the rising cost of makhana has left many wondering why this humble seed has become so expensive.
In this article, we will explore what makes makhana a superfood, the reasons behind its rising cost, its impact on Bihar’s economy, and its growing global market potential.
2. What Makes Makhana a Superfood?
Makhana is often referred to as a powerhouse of nutrients, making it a valuable addition to a balanced diet. Here’s why:
- Rich in Protein & Fiber – Makhana is an excellent source of plant-based protein, helping in muscle building and overall body maintenance. The high fiber content aids digestion and promotes gut health.
- Loaded with Antioxidants – It contains flavonoids, which help neutralize free radicals in the body, reducing oxidative stress and slowing down aging.
- Low in Calories & High in Satiety – With its low-calorie count and high satiety factor, makhana is ideal for weight management.
- Essential Minerals – Packed with calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus, makhana supports bone health, heart function, and overall well-being.
- Low Glycemic Index – Unlike processed snacks, makhana has a low glycemic index, making it a safe and healthy option for diabetics.
Health experts recommend consuming a handful of makhana daily for sustained energy, improved digestion, and better cardiovascular health.
3. The Rising Cost of Makhana: Why Is It So Expensive?
Despite being a traditional snack in India, makhana has seen a steep price increase in recent years, making it one of the most expensive superfoods. Several factors contribute to this surge:
- Labor-Intensive Harvesting & Processing – Makhana is manually harvested from ponds and lakes, a time-consuming and skill-intensive process that requires extensive labor.
- Limited Geographical Production – 90% of the world’s makhana comes from Bihar, India, limiting its supply and increasing demand.
- Skyrocketing Prices –
- Over the past decade, makhana prices have risen by 700%.
- From 2020 to 2025, prices surged between 39% and 50% due to rising demand.
- In 2025 alone, prices increased by 32% following budget announcements.
- Geographical Indication (GI) Tag – The Mithila Makhana GI tag, granted in 2022, has increased its value in both domestic and international markets.
The combination of high demand, difficult harvesting conditions, and limited production areas makes makhana an expensive but highly sought-after commodity.
4. The Makhana Harvesting and Processing Challenge
The cultivation of makhana has transformed over the years, from traditional pond-based farming to more efficient field-based systems. However, the harvesting and processing remain highly labor-intensive. Here’s how it works:
- Seed Maturation & Collection – The seeds mature underwater and must be carefully retrieved by skilled farmers, often diving into muddy ponds.
- Cleaning & Drying – After collection, the seeds are washed and sun-dried to reduce moisture.
- Roasting & Popping – The dried seeds are roasted at high temperatures and manually popped to create the final product.
- Sorting & Packaging – Puffed makhanas are carefully sorted by size and packaged to prevent breakage during transportation.
Because of the delicate and time-consuming nature of this process, makhana remains one of the most labor-intensive superfoods in the market.
5. Makhana’s Role in Bihar’s Economy
Bihar is the global hub of makhana production, accounting for 85% of the world’s supply. Over the past decade, its cultivation has expanded significantly, reaching over 35,000 hectares, with plans to double production by 2035.
Key contributions to Bihar’s economy:
- Rising Farmer Incomes – With growing demand, makhana farmers are seeing higher returns, boosting the rural economy.
- Employment Generation – From farming to processing and packaging, thousands of jobs are being created.
- Makhana Board (2025 Initiative) – A new government initiative to enhance makhana branding, processing, and exports.
The economic potential of makhana continues to grow, making it a valuable asset for Bihar and India.
6. Government Initiatives to Boost Makhana Production
To support makhana farmers, the Indian government has launched several initiatives:
- Makhana Board (2025) – A dedicated board to provide financial aid, training, and marketing support.
- Subsidies & Training Programs – Encouraging farmers to adopt modern cultivation techniques.
- National Institute of Food Technology – Focused on makhana processing and export strategies.
- Formation of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs) – Helping small farmers increase their market reach and profits.
These efforts are expected to double the production and market value of makhana within the next decade.
7. Makhana’s Global Market Potential
Makhana’s growing reputation as a healthy snack has opened up massive export opportunities:
- Increasing International Demand – Rising popularity in Europe, the U.S., and the Middle East.
- Infrastructure Development – New airports in Patna, Darbhanga, and Purnea to facilitate exports.
- Projected Market Growth – Expected to grow from ₹2,000 crore to ₹13,260 crore by 2035.
With the right marketing and export strategies, Bihar’s makhana could become a globally recognized superfood.
8. How to Incorporate Makhana into Your Diet
Makhana is a versatile ingredient that can be enjoyed in multiple ways:
- Roasted with spices – A healthy and crunchy snack.
- Added to curries and desserts – Traditional Indian recipes incorporate makhana into kheer and sabzis.
- Blended into smoothies or protein bars – Ideal for fitness enthusiasts.
Making makhana a part of your daily diet is an easy way to enjoy its numerous health benefits.
9. Conclusion
Makhana is more than just a snack – it’s a nutritional powerhouse, an economic driver, and a rising global commodity. As Bihar scales up its production and export infrastructure, makhana is poised to become a household name worldwide. Whether for its health benefits, cultural significance, or economic impact, this superfood is here to stay.
0 Comments